气凝胶常见的表征方法
2023-12-07 09:29:24 0 2645
图2. 最佳SiOC气凝胶催化剂的TEM图像、SAED图案、HRTEM图像和EDS映射图像
对BN-Cu@I2和BN-Ag@I2进行热重分析,以进一步了解气凝胶对碘的吸附机理。在N2氛围下,速率为5°C/min,将气凝胶加热至900°C。图6a显示,测试后最终残留质量是原始BN-Cu气凝胶的1.617倍,Cu与碘的摩尔比估计为~1:1.73,表明解吸后气凝胶中仍有一些碘。TG曲线的一阶微分得到DTG曲线(图6b),表明碘解吸过程在103.1°C,134.5°C,262.6°C和278.4°C分四个步骤发生。对BN-Ag@I2,最终残余质量为BN-Ag初始质量的1.397倍(图6c)。DTG曲线显示,解吸过程在131.5°C,147°C,256.7°C和273.4°C分为四个步骤(图6d)。
图6. BN-Cu@I2和BN-Ag@I2的TG曲线、DTG曲线
图8a-c显示了具有不同AgNW含量AgNWs/CoNi@C/ACA的3D RL值,覆盖2-18GHz。其中,在厚度为4mm,宽EAB为3.16GHz时,5AgNWs/CoNi@C/ACA的最小RL值(RLmin)为-51.6 dB。3AgNWs/CoNi@C/ACA和7AgNWs/CoNi@C/ACA的RLmin分别为-27.7dB 和-2.1dB。可以看出,随着AgNW含量的增加,样品的EWA性能显著提高。这是由于AgNWs的高电导率,它不仅与CoNi@C形成了良好的电磁协同作用,而且还为复合气凝胶内部带来了丰富的活性位点。然而,AgNW含量过高可能会过度增加样品的介电常数,导致材料内部阻抗匹配的不平衡。另一方面,会加深样品内部的结构坍塌程度,降低消散入射EWs的能力。特别地,通过PDMS真空浸渍后,5AgNWs/CoNi@C/AC/PDMS仍然表现出的有效RLmin值 (13.4dB),这为后续复合气凝胶弹性体的多功能应用提供了重要参考。
图8. 三维RL-f曲线(a-d);5AgNWs/CoNi@C/ACA的2D RL-f曲线,λ/4对RL峰值频率的相关性,以及|Zin/Z0|-f曲线(e);3AgNWs/CoNi@C/ACA和5AgNWs/CoNi@C/ACA的复介电常数(f), 复磁导率(g), 介电和磁损耗(h)
10、电化学测试:
图10. 扫描速率0.1mV·s-1下Si@DGA的CV曲线(a); Si@DGA的奈奎斯特图以及和电池循环后的Si (b); Si@DGA和Si的Warburg拟合曲线(c); 不同扫描速率下Si@DGA的CV曲线(d); 不同扫描速率下的伪电容贡献率(e); 1.2mV·s-1下电容贡献(f); 峰值电流与扫频平方根的关系(g); 在0.05A·g-1下Si@DGA的GITT曲线和相应log(DLi+)(h); Si@DGA放电状态和充电状态下的放大log(DLi+)曲线(i)
图11. DMPO-·OH和DMPO-·O2-的ESR光谱
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