病理形态学检查方法指：先用肉眼观察大体病理标本的病变，然后切取一定大小的病变组织，用病理组织学方法制成病理切片，用显微镜进一步检查病变。一般有HE染色、免疫组化、免疫荧光、Masson染色等。

1、HE染色

HE染色即苏木精-伊红染色法，石蜡切片技术里常用的染色法之一。苏木精染液为碱性，主要使细胞核内的染色质与胞质内的核糖体着紫蓝色；伊红为酸性染料，主要使细胞质和细胞外基质中的成分着红色。

2、Masson染色

masson染色是指用两种或三种阴离子染料混合，胶原纤维呈蓝色，肌纤维呈红色。用来显示组织中纤维以及炎性因子的染色方法之一。

3、免疫组化

是应用免疫学基本原理——抗原抗体反应，即抗原与抗体特异性结合的原理，通过化学反应使标记抗体的显色剂（荧光素、酶、金属离子、同位素）显色来确定组织细胞内抗原（多肽和蛋白质），对其进行定位、定性及定量的研究，称为免疫组织化学技术（ immunohistochemistry，IHC）。

4、免疫荧光

免疫荧光技术是在免疫学、生物化学和显微镜技术的基础上建立起来的一项技术。它是根据抗原抗体反应的原理，先将已知的抗原或抗体标记上荧光基团，再用这种荧光抗体（或抗原）作为探针检查细胞或组织内的相应抗原（或抗体）。

<article class="4ever-article" data-clipboard-cangjie="["root",{},["p",{"list":{"listId":"lfo1","isOrdered":true,"level":0,"symbolStyle":{"sz":10},"listStyleType":"","listStyle":{"format":"decimal","text":"%1."}},"ind":{"left":-32},"jc":"justify","uuid":"lj5533h6llbblio7008"},["span",{"data-type":"text"},["span",{"bold":true,"color":"rgb(0, 0, 0)","sz":10.5,"szUnit":"pt","data-type":"leaf"},"切片："],["span",{"color":"rgb(0, 0, 0)","sz":10.5,"szUnit":"pt","data-type":"leaf"},"石蜡切片、冰冻切片。"]]],["p",{"list":{"listId":"lfo3","isOrdered":true,"level":0,"symbolStyle":{"sz":10},"listStyleType":"DEC_LEN_LROM_A","listStyle":{"format":"decimal","text":"(%1)"}},"ind":{"left":null},"jc":"justify","uuid":"lj5533h65nkk0jrr62q"},["span",{"data-type":"text"},["span",{"color":"rgb(0, 0, 0)","sz":10.5,"szUnit":"pt","data-type":"leaf"},"标本要求：已包埋的动物/植物组织\t。"]]],["p",{"jc":"justify","ind":{"left":0},"spacing":{"after":0.000133333,"line":1},"uuid":"lj5533h6fyt2rgpao9d"},["span",{"data-type":"text"},["span",{"color":"rgb(0, 0, 0)","sz":10.5,"szUnit":"pt","data-type":"leaf"},"（2）送样要求："]]],["p",{"list":{"listId":"lfo4","isOrdered":true,"level":0,"symbolStyle":{"sz":10},"listStyleType":"LEN_LROM_DEC_P","listStyle":{"format":"lowerLetter","text":"%1."}},"ind":{"left":null},"jc":"justify","uuid":"lj5533h6r4rphpa66nl"},["span",{"data-type":"text"},["span",{"color":"rgb(0, 0, 0)","sz":10.5,"szUnit":"pt","data-type":"leaf"},"石蜡包埋的组织：冰袋运输。"]]],["p",{"list":{"listId":"lfo4","isOrdered":true,"level":0,"symbolStyle":{"sz":10},"listStyleType":"LEN_LROM_DEC_P","listStyle":{"format":"lowerLetter","text":"%1."}},"ind":{"left":-32},"jc":"justify","uuid":"lj5533h76d4rg8sgoag"},["span",{"data-type":"text"},["span",{"color":"rgb(0, 0, 0)","sz":10.5,"szUnit":"pt","data-type":"leaf"},"OTC包埋的组织：干冰运输。"]]],["p",{"list":{"listId":"lfo1","isOrdered":true,"level":0,"symbolStyle":{"sz":10},"listStyleType":"","listStyle":{"format":"decimal","text":"%1."}},"ind":{"left":-32},"jc":"justify","uuid":"lj5533h7oqr0i9d9wf"},["span",{"data-type":"text"},["span",{"bold":true,"color":"rgb(0, 0, 0)","sz":10.5,"szUnit":"pt","data-type":"leaf"},"染色: "],["span",{"color":"rgb(0, 0, 0)","sz":10.5,"szUnit":"pt","data-type":"leaf"},"脱蜡至水、苏木素染色、伊红染色、脱水封片。"]]],["p",{"list":{"listId":"lfo5","isOrdered":true,"level":0,"symbolStyle":{"sz":10},"listStyleType":"DEC_LEN_LROM_A","listStyle":{"format":"decimal","text":"(%1)"}},"ind":{"left":null},"jc":"justify","uuid":"lj5533h7x0eifzr33s9"},["span",{"data-type":"text"},["span",{"color":"rgb(0, 0, 0)","sz":10.5,"szUnit":"pt","data-type":"leaf"},"标本要求：切片。"]]],["p",{"list":{"listId":"lfo5","isOrdered":true,"level":0,"symbolStyle":{&

1、HE染色

9、免疫组化

10、免疫荧光：

（图片依次为免疫荧光单标、双标、三标、四标）