氮化硼(BN)常见的表征方法
2023-11-07 09:35:47 0 2175
氮化硼(BN)是由氮原子和硼原子通过不同杂化方式所构成的晶体。BN晶体主要有四种不同的变体:具有sp3杂化B-N键的立方氮化硼(c-BN)和纤锌矿氮化硼(w-BN),以及具有sp2杂化B-N键的六方氮化硼(h-BN)和菱方氮化硼(r-BN)。其中h-BN和c-BN为热力学稳定结构,r-BN和w-BN为亚稳态结构。不同结构的氮化硼材料表现出不同的性质,通常,氮化硼材料的化学稳定性高,抗氧化能力强,这些性质使得不同结构的材料都有着十分独特的应用价值。
1、扫描电子显微镜(SEM):
图1. h-BN粉末和OH-BN纳米片的SEM图
利用聚焦离子束制备TEM样品,通过TEM来表征样品的微观结构,以进一步研究两个界面之间的结构差异。图2a显示,不同相之间存在清晰的边界。可以测量沿方向的平面尺寸(La)和沿方向的堆叠厚度(Lc),以评估BN的结晶度。如图2b所示,低压沉积的BN1是准各向同性的,具有扭曲和混沌的晶格条纹。Lc小于10层。沉积压力增加后,BN2的结构有序度较BN1提高。图2c显示了靠近SiC纤维的BN结构。晶格条纹无序堆叠,但保持相对平直。La和Lc明显增加。图2d中,外BN界面的结晶度进一步提高,出现了具有几十层的高结晶区域。
图2. 两个BN界面的TEM图
3、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM):
如图3所示,样品在BN纳米带气凝胶的纳米孔处显示出均匀的Pt NPs(平均直径5-10nm)。Pt2/BN-na样品的元素分布进一步表明,Pt NPs是均匀且高度分散的(图3c-f)。Pt NPs的两个原子平面距离测量为0.229nm(图3a),与Pt金属沿[111]方向的晶格间距一致。BN-na(002)平均晶面距离为0.36nm,略大于体相h-BN(0.34nm),显示出具有丰富位错结构的涡层BN相。这些具有更多BOx和B-OH种类的位错结构可能是高度分散的Pt NPs的理想锚定位点。
图4展示了hBN薄膜的AFM图和线扫描轮廓(e)及hBN薄膜的AFM特写图(f)。薄膜的清晰边缘使得能够进行非常精确的AFM测量,平均厚度为∼3nm,均方根粗糙度为3.5 nm(图4 e)。图4f中AFM特写图显示了转印过程后这些薄膜中出现了典型褶皱,还可以注意到偶尔出现的微小白点。
图4. hBN薄膜的AFM图
7、x射线光电子能谱(XPS):
图7. 几种复合材料的XRD图(a)和XPS谱图 (b), FFSA9BN1复合材料的B1s(c)和N1s(d)光谱
8、拉伸:
图8. hBN平面外(a)和平面内(b)的单轴拉伸应变试验的应力-应变图
图9. h-BN、ZIF-8、BI和h-BN/ZIF-8@BI的TG和DTG曲线
图11显示了原始石墨烯(实心黑线)的模拟C K边缘光谱,以285.8和292.4eV处的C-1s→π*和→σ*跃迁为特征。这导致6.61eV的峰间差[ΔEPP=E(σ*)-E(π*)],与实验测量结果一致。在该序列中,计算了石墨烯碳原子在G/h-BN/和h-BN/G/SiC(蓝色实线)中的吸收光谱。与最近h-BN在G/SiC上的XANES实验结果一致,发现石墨烯碳原子保留了C-1s→π*和→σ*吸收特征及能量差ΔEPP,支持了G和h-BN层之间的vdW相互作用。与原始石墨烯相比,发现G/h-BN/SiC和h-BN/G/SiC的吸收光谱降低了约1eV,其中C-1s→σ*吸收特征保留,但两者的C-1s→π*光谱表现出不同的特征。在G/h-BN/SiC中,由于石墨烯片位于h-BN/SiC表面,吸收特征几乎与原始系统的吸收特征相同,而在h-BN/G/SiC中,发现h-BN封装石墨烯后,吸收光谱的强度降低。
态密度(DOS)分析显示了催化剂的d轨道与两种吸附质的s轨道和p轨道之间的杂化。图12显示,BN-双环己基的峰强度大于双环己基,表明BN-双环己基的杂交强度更高。尽管差异很小,但BN-双环己基的峰也进一步远离费米能级,这是由于在BN影响下,催化剂的d轨道与分子的s轨道和p轨道之间的相互作用更强。这也意味着BN-双环己基具有更高的吸附强度。
图13. 垂直排列(a)、二维互穿(b)和三维互穿(c)的BN骨架复合材料沿Y轴方向的温度和热流分布
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